The Brazilian railway network was built in a fragmented manner and without long-term strategic planning, resulting in a poorly integrated network. For decades, there was a lack of investment in the sector, leading to the deterioration and scrapping of the network. However, in recent years, we have seen some projects come to fruition, such as the Intercity Trains and the Aeromóvel in São Paulo. We also cannot fail to mention the future of concessions and what will happen to the railways returned by the concessionaires? Will the shortline be the way forward?

This is one of the pillars of efficient and sustainable logistics, especially for countries with continental dimensions like Brazil. Even more so when we think about the choice of our agricultural and mineral production, this synergy between the two modes brings a series of benefits both to the economy and to society as a whole. Here we are talking about cost reduction, increased efficiency, less environmental impact, greater safety, etc. This was a topic that came up in our interviews with congressmen and associations. What are the challenges? What are the port-rail interconnection projects underway in Brazil? How can this be done efficiently?

Despite the challenges, the Brazilian railway sector has shown itself to be increasingly dynamic and innovative. The search for greater efficiency, sustainability, and competitiveness has driven the adoption of new technologies and solutions such as AI, automation, digitalization, among others. How can processes be digitalized? What is new? What are the success stories? And with the increasing digitalization of railway systems, cybersecurity has become a crucial issue for the industry. The increasing dependence on software, sensors and communication networks exposes trains to a variety of cyber threats that can compromise passenger safety, the integrity of operations and even critical infrastructure. How can all this be dealt with?

Although rail transport is less polluting than road transport, greenhouse gas emissions are still a concern, especially in relation to the diesel locomotive fleet. Which path should we follow? LRT, electric locomotives, hybrid locomotives, green hydrogen, or ammonia-powered locomotives? What financing lines are available? Can we have greener wagons? How can we make railways a relevant mode for the energy transition?